Understanding Bacterial Vaginosis: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common gynaecological condition that affects many women worldwide. Characterised by an imbalance in the vaginal flora, BV can lead to a range of symptoms and discomfort. In this blog post, we will delve into what bacterial vaginosis is, the symptoms to look out for, its causes, its relationship to the vaginal microbiome, and common treatment options.

What is Bacterial Vaginosis?

Bacterial vaginosis is a vaginal infection that results from an overgrowth of harmful bacteria in the vagina. Normally, the vagina hosts a delicate balance of various bacteria, with Lactobacillus being the dominant strain. Lactobacillus helps maintain an acidic environment, preventing the growth of harmful microorganisms. However, when the balance is disrupted, and harmful bacteria outnumber the beneficial ones, bacterial vaginosis can occur.

Symptoms of Bacterial Vaginosis:

1. Unusual Vaginal Discharge: One of the primary symptoms of BV is a change in vaginal discharge. Women with BV may notice a grayish-white, thin, and watery discharge with a distinct, unpleasant odour.

2. Foul odour: A strong, fishy odour, especially after sexual intercourse, is a common sign of bacterial vaginosis.

3. Itching and Irritation: BV may cause itching and irritation in the vaginal area, leading to discomfort for those affected.

4. Burning Sensation: Some women with bacterial vaginosis may experience a burning sensation during urination.

Causes of Bacterial Vaginosis:

The exact cause of bacterial vaginosis is not fully understood, but certain factors increase the risk of developing this condition:

1. Sexual Activity: While BV is not classified as a sexually transmitted infection (STI), having multiple sexual partners or a new sexual partner can increase the risk.

2. Douching: The practice of douching disrupts the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina, making it more susceptible to infections.

3. Smoking: Cigarette smoking has been linked to an increased risk of bacterial vaginosis, possibly due to its impact on the immune system.

Vaginal Microbiome and Bacterial Vaginosis:

The vaginal microbiome plays a crucial role in maintaining vaginal health. Lactobacillus bacteria produce lactic acid, creating an acidic environment that inhibits the growth of harmful bacteria. When this balance is disturbed, as seen in bacterial vaginosis, it can lead to an overgrowth of various bacteria, including Gardnerella vaginalis, which is associated with BV.

Treatment Options:

1. Antibiotics: The most common and effective treatment for bacterial vaginosis is a course of antibiotics, usually metronidazole or clindamycin. These medications help restore the balance of bacteria in the vagina. This should only be taken after referral from a GP.

2. Probiotics: Some studies suggest that probiotics, either through supplements or foods like yogurt, may help promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the vaginal microbiome.

3. Avoiding Irritants: It's important to avoid practices that can disrupt the natural balance of the vagina, such as douching and intimate cleaning products (the vagina is self cleaning!) as this can contribute to the recurrence of BV.

Bacterial vaginosis is a common condition that can affect women of all ages. Understanding the symptoms, causes, and treatment options is essential for prompt and effective management. If you suspect you have bacterial vaginosis or experience any of the mentioned symptoms, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Maintaining good vaginal hygiene and a healthy lifestyle can contribute to the prevention of bacterial vaginosis and support overall women's health.